Scientific management -thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.

Gantt Chart - a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task.

Ethical intensity - the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue.

Magnitude of consequence - the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

Temporal immediacy - the time between an act and the consequences the act produces.

Preconventional level of moral development- the first level of moral development in which people make dicisions based on selfish reasons.

Conventional level of moral development- the second level of moral development in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

Postconventional level of moral development - the third level of moral development in which people make dicisions based on internalized principles.

Whistleblowing - reporting others' ethics violations to management or legal authorities.

Shareholder model - a view of social responsibility that holds that an organization's overriding goal should be profit maximization for the benefit of shareholder.

Stakeholder model - a theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management's most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying interests of multiple corporate stakeholders.

Economic responsibility - the expectation that a company will make a profit by producing a valued product or service.
Legal responsibility -
a company's social responsibility to obey society's laws and regulations.
Ethical responsibility - a company's social responsibility not to violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business.

Options-based planning - maintaining planning flexibility by making small, simulataneous investments in many alternative plans.

Action plan - the specific steps, people, and resources needed to accomplish a goal.
Management by objectives (MBO) - a four-step process in which managers and employees discuss and select goals, develop tactical plans, and meet regularly to review progress toward goal accomplishment.

Policy - a standing plan that indicates the general course of action that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation.

Cognitive conflict- disagreement that focuses on problem -and issue- related differences of opinions.

Affective conflict -  disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues.

Internal enviornment - the events and trends inside an organizations that affect management, employees, and organizational culture.

Organizational culture - the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by organizational members.

Organizational stories - stories told by Organizational members to make sense of organizational events and changes and to emphasize culturally consistent assumptions, decisions, and actions.

Organizational heroes- people celebrated for their qualities and achievements within an organization.

Consistent Organizational culture - when a company actively defines and teaches Organizational values, beliefs, and attitudes.

Behavioral addition - the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new Organizational culture that a company wants to create.

Behavioral substitution - the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors central to the "new" Organizational culture in place of behaviors that were central to the "old" Organizational culture.

Visible artifacts - visible signs of an Organization's culture, such as the office design and layout, company dress code, and company benefits and perks, like stock options, personal parking spaces,or the private company dining room.

공부하는데 너무 어려움이 많아서 염치불구하고 이렇게 긴 질문을 올립니다..